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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan ： ウィキペディア英語版 Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan The pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan has grown during the last few decades, almost entirely in the formulations space. At the time of the independence of Pakistan in 1947, there were few production units in the country. Currently Pakistan has about 400 low technology, large volume, pharmaceutical formulation units mainly running on Chinese equipment, including those operated by 25 multinationals present in the country. The Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry meets around 70% of the country's demand of finished dosage forms and 4% of Active ingredients. Specialized finished dosage forms such as soft gelatin capsules, parenteral fat emulsions and Metered-dose inhalers continue to be imported. There are only a few bulk drug Active ingredient producers and Pakistan mainly depends on imports of bulk drugs for its formulation needs resulting in frequent drug shortages.〔(The Express Tribune, 1 October 2014: Shahram Haq )〕 Political disturbances and allegations of under-invoicing add to the uncertainty of imports〔(Pakistan Observer, 4 October 2014 )〕 and clashes with the customs and tax authorities are common.〔(Shahnawaz Akhter: 19 October 2014: The News )〕 == 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis == During late January 2012, a fake medicine crisis at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) hospital in the Lahore region of Punjab, Pakistan, claimed the lives of over 100 heart patients. The FIA, while seizing raw material,also sealed a Karachi-based factory of Efroze Chemical Industries. The FIA also put names of owners of Efroze the on Exit Control List (ECL) besides blocking the official website of Efroze Chemicals. The National pharma industry has shown growth over the years, particularly over the last decade. The industry is trying to upgrade itself and today the majority industry is following local Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) laws, with a few in accordance with international guidance. Currently the industry has the capacity to manufacture a variety of traditional products ranging from simple pills to capsules, ointments and syrups. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.